Attention deficit disorder (ADD), also known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. It is characterized by symptoms such as difficulty paying attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.

Is ADHD the same as ADD? Yes, ADD and ADHD are the same thing. ADD (attention-deficit disorder) is an outdated term for what is now called ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder). Some kids with ADHD have hyperactive behaviors and some don't, but the diagnosis is ADHD either way. 

ADHD can significantly impact an individual's ability to function in daily life, including their performance at work or school, relationships, and overall well-being.

Not only that, untreated ADHD literally reduces lifespan. ADHD may more drastically shorten a patient’s life expectancy than any other single health threat including high cholesterol, obesity, and alcohol or tobacco use.

This is according to a new study by Russell Barkley, Ph.D., who determined that the risk factors associated with childhood ADHD may decrease longevity by up to 13 years.

Adderall and ADHD

Traditionally, medications like Adderall have been prescribed to manage the symptoms of ADHD. Adderall is a central nervous system stimulant that contains a combination of amphetamine salts, which increase the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain to improve focus and reduce hyperactivity.

Does it work? Yes, but with caveats. 

A meta-analysis of 20 studies published in the journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry showed that stimulant medications, including Adderall, were effective in reducing symptoms of ADHD in children and adolescents.

Another study published in the Journal of Child Neurology found that Adderall was effective in improving working memory and attention in children with ADHD.

However, Adderall  associated with various side effects and potential risks, leading some individuals to seek alternative treatment options, such as microdosing with psychedelics.

Microdosing for ADHD

Microdosing, a practice that involves taking small doses of psychedelic substances at sub-perceptual levels, has gained popularity in recent years for its potential therapeutic benefits for mental health conditions, including ADHD.

Proponents of microdosing claim that it can help improve focus, cognitive function, and mood, without the side effects associated with traditional medications like Adderall.

However, microdosing is still a relatively new and controversial practice, and its efficacy for managing ADHD symptoms compared to Adderall is a topic of ongoing debate.

In this article, we will explore the concept of microdosing for ADHD and compare it to Adderall and other traditional ADHD medications. We will examine the benefits, risks, and limitations of microdosing, as well as the potential advantages and disadvantages of using Adderall for managing ADHD symptoms.

We will also review the existing research and evidence on microdosing for ADHD, and discuss the ethical and legal considerations surrounding this practice.

Understanding Microdosing

Microdosing involves taking small, sub-perceptual doses of psychedelic substances, such as LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) or psilocybin (the active ingredient in magic mushrooms), on a regular schedule, typically every few days or once a week.

The doses used in microdosing are much lower than the doses used for recreational or therapeutic purposes, and are usually below the threshold for producing the characteristic psychedelic effects, such as hallucinations or altered perceptions.

The practice of microdosing gained popularity in recent years, particularly in the field of mental health and wellness, with anecdotal reports suggesting that it can have various benefits, including increased creativity, improved mood, enhanced cognitive function, and reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety and migraines.

Proponents of microdosing believe that it can help individuals achieve a state of enhanced mental performance and well-being. 

How does microdosing work? Check out this article here. 

However, it's important to note that microdosing is still a relatively new and experimental practice, and there is limited scientific evidence to support its efficacy and safety for managing mental health conditions, including ADHD.

Most of the existing research on microdosing is based on self-reported anecdotal experiences (with a few exceptions). Therefore, it's essential to approach microdosing with caution and carefully consider the potential benefits, risks, and limitations before incorporating it into an ADHD treatment plan.

Benefits of Microdosing for ADHD

Proponents of microdosing for ADHD claim that it can offer several benefits for managing ADHD symptoms. Some of the potential advantages of microdosing for ADHD include:

1. Improved Focus and Cognitive Function: One of the main symptoms of ADHD is difficulty with focus and attention. Proponents of microdosing argue that it can help improve cognitive function and concentration, which may benefit individuals with ADHD who struggle with these symptoms. Anecdotal reports suggest that microdosing may enhance mental clarity, increase productivity, and improve the ability to stay on task, which could be beneficial for individuals with ADHD who have challenges with attention and concentration.
2. Reduced Hyperactivity and Impulsivity: Another hallmark symptom of ADHD is hyperactivity and impulsivity. Microdosing may help individuals with ADD by reducing hyperactivity and impulsivity, which can contribute to improved self-control and impulse management. Some anecdotal reports suggest that microdosing may help individuals feel calmer and more grounded, potentially reducing impulsive behaviors and improving overall self-regulation.
3. Mood Enhancement: Mood instability and emotional dysregulation are common in individuals with ADHD. Proponents of microdosing argue that it can have mood-enhancing effects, promoting positive emotions and reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Some individuals with ADD may experience mood improvements with microdosing, which could positively impact their overall well-being and daily functioning.
4. Potential for Long-Term Benefits: While the effects of microdosing are still being studied, some proponents suggest that the benefits of microdosing for ADHD may extend beyond the immediate effects of the microdose. It is believed that microdosing may help "reset" neural pathways in the brain, promoting long-term changes in neuroplasticity and improving overall brain health. However, more research is needed to understand the long-term effects of microdosing on brain function and mental health.
5. Potential Alternative for Those Who Cannot Tolerate Adderall: Adderall and other traditional ADHD medications may not be well-tolerated by everyone, as they can have side effects such as increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, decreased appetite, and mood changes. Some individuals may not be able to tolerate these side effects or may have contraindications to using stimulant medications. Microdosing with psychedelics could offer an alternative for individuals who cannot tolerate or do not wish to use traditional ADHD medications.

Is there Research on Microdosing for ADD/ADHD?

Yes!

A 2020 study published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology found that microdosing with LSD was associated with improved attention and cognitive flexibility in healthy adults, suggesting potential benefits for cognitive function.

Another study published in Scientific Reports in 2021 surveyed individuals who self-reported using microdosing for ADHD management and found that most participants reported improved focus and attention, as well as reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, this study relied on self-reported data and lacked a control group for comparison.

In 2022, researchers at Maastricht University published a study in Frontiers in Psychiatry that surveyed over 200 adult participants with ADHD and found that microdosing significantly reduced symptoms and improved overall well-being. This research provided evidence of microdosing's effectiveness as an alternative solution for ADHD.

One unique advantage of microdosing compared to Adderall and other ADHD medications is that its physiological effects may be less harmful, and practicing microdosing with "days off" has been suggested to help avoid tolerance issues.

Additionally, microdosing has the potential for mood-boosting effects, such as reducing stress levels and promoting feelings of tranquility, in contrast to traditional ADHD treatments that may increase anxiety and irritability.

LSD Microdoses to Treat ADHD

In December 2021, MindMed, a biotech company focused on developing psychedelic-inspired therapies, announced the commencement of their Phase 2a clinical trial to investigate the use of LSD microdoses for the treatment of Adult ADHD. 

The trial aims to recruit 52 adults diagnosed with ADHD, who will be administered either 20 micrograms of LSD or a placebo twice weekly for a duration of 6 weeks.

The primary objective of the trial is to assess whether there are significant differences in symptom improvement between the group receiving LSD microdoses and the group receiving the placebo.

Initial data from this trial is expected to be available in the latter half of 2023, shedding light on the potential of LSD microdosing as a treatment option for Adult ADHD.

Risks and Limitations of Microdosing for ADHD

While microdosing for ADHD may have potential benefits, it's important to also consider the risks and limitations of this practice. Some of the potential risks and limitations of microdosing for ADHD include:

1. Limited Scientific Evidence: we still need more validation. Controlled clinical trials evaluating the effects of microdosing for ADHD are lacking, and more research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of this practice for managing ADHD symptoms.
2. Lack of Standardization: Microdosing involves taking sub-perceptual doses of psychedelic substances, which can be challenging to standardize out of lab conditions.
3. Legal Considerations: The use of psychedelic substances, including for microdosing, is illegal in many countries and states. This can raise legal concerns, as individuals engaging in microdosing may be at risk of legal repercussions (hopefully this will change soon)
4. Potential Risks and Side Effects: While microdosing is generally considered to be safe, there are potential risks and side effects associated with the use of psychedelic substances, even at sub-perceptual doses. The long-term effects of microdosing on physical health, mental health, and cognitive function are still largely unknown, and more research is needed to better understand the safety profile of microdosing, particularly for long-term use

But again, Adderall is also not without risks, especially long term use...

Adderall Risks and Side Effects

Adderall usage can alter the process of aging by speeding the loss of dopamine neurons that occurs normally throughout aging. The accelerated loss of these neurons can result in long-term cognitive decline.

Impaired dopamine production can negatively impact motivation, memory, goal planning, and attention. Additionally, Adderall can increase the workload on the heart, potentially exacerbating underlying cardiovascular issues and posing health risks over time.

Long-term use may result in withdrawal symptoms that can have psychological effects. These symptoms may include apathy, depression, anxiety, irritability, and fatigue.

Additionally, rebound symptoms like hypersomnia or difficulty focusing may be experienced when withdrawing from stimulant medication that is prescribed for narcolepsy or ADHD.

Withdrawal Symptoms of ADHD...

• Anxiety
• Depression
• Loss of focus
• Irritability
• Fatigue
• Hyperactivity
• Mood swings
• Dizziness
• Sleep disturbances
• Changes in heart rate
• Changes in blood pressure

Other ADHD medication Options

Other conventional ADHD medications, such as Ritalin and Concerta, work by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain, similar to Adderall.

In terms of effectiveness, studies have shown that Ritalin and Concerta can be similarly effective to Adderall in managing symptoms of ADHD.

A meta-analysis of 86 studies published in the Journal of the American Medical Association revealed that both Adderall and Ritalin effectively improved attention and reduced hyperactivity in children with ADHD.

When it comes to side effects, Ritalin and Concerta can cause similar side effects to Adderall, including loss of appetite, insomnia, and irritability.

However, the frequency and severity of these side effects can vary among individuals and depend on factors such as the dosage and formulation of the medication.

In terms of overall safety, Ritalin and Concerta are generally considered safe when used as directed. However, like any medication, there is always a risk of side effects and potential interactions with other medications or medical conditions that need to be taken into consideration.

Other Natural options for ADHD

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume that has been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for centuries. It contains L-DOPA, a natural precursor to the neurotransmitter dopamine, and research suggests it improve attention and cognitive function in people with ADHD. 

L-DOPA plays a role in regulating attention, mood, and motivation and Mucuna pruriens may help improve the symptoms of ADHD, such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. 

SAM-e (S-adenosylmethionine) is a naturally occurring compound that is involved in various biochemical processes in the body, including the production of  dopamine and serotonin. 

It is often used as a dietary supplement and has been studied for its potential effects on mental health conditions, including ADHD through its effects on neurotransmitter balance, inflammation, and mood regulation.  

Final Thoughts - Adderall or Microdosing: Which One is Right For You?

Microdosing has gained attention as a potential alternative to traditional ADHD medications such as Adderall. Proponents of microdosing argue that it may offer benefits such as improved focus, reduced hyperactivity and impulsivity, mood enhancement, and potential long-term benefits.

However, it's important to recognize that the evidence supporting the efficacy of microdosing for ADHD is limited (at the moment). 

At this point microdosing should be considered as an experimental approach and should only be used in consultation with a qualified healthcare professional, taking into account individual circumstances.

When considering the choice between microdosing and Adderall, or other conventional ADHD medications, several individual factors should be taken into account, including age, medical history, lifestyle, and personal preferences.

Age is an important factor to consider when selecting an ADHD medication, as different medications may be more suitable for different age groups. 

Medical history is another crucial consideration. Certain medical conditions, such as heart disease or high blood pressure, may affect the appropriateness or safety of certain medications. It's also essential to evaluate potential interactions with other medications a patient may be taking.

Lifestyle factors can also play a role in medication selection. Some medications may cause side effects that could impact daily activities or work, while others may have dosing requirements that may not align well with a patient's lifestyle.

When comparing microdosing and Adderall or other traditional medications, it's worth noting that microdosing may have advantages in terms of fewer adverse physical effects, potentially reduced anxiety and stress levels, and improved moods.

But again, treatments like behavioral therapy, counseling, and treaditional pharmacological options (like Adderall) have been extensively studied and shown to be effective in managing ADD symptoms in many individuals. Microdosing (at this point) has not been. More research is needed to better understand the safety, efficacy, and long-term effects of microdosing for ADHD.

Ultimately, the decision on whether to microdose with psilocybin or LSD, or use conventional medications like Adderall, should be made after a thorough evaluation of individual factors and in consultation with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan that takes into account your unique needs, preferences, and medical history.